On Nov. 6, 1962, the U.N. condemned South Africa’s racial apartheid by ending economic and military relations with the country. From 1948 to 1994, apartheid was a system of racial segregation, political and economic discrimination against South Africa’s non-white population.

During this period, Blacks weren’t allowed to enter whites-only neighborhoods unless they had a special pass and they lived in segregated communities. Even though Blacks were the majority in the nation, whites controlled most of the country’s wealth and land.

The 1960 massacre in Sharpeville, located near Johannesburg, South Africa, killed 69 Blacks and injured more than 180. The massacre sparked the U.N.’s attention. In 1973, the U.N. labeled apartheid as a “crime against humanity.” One year later, South Africa was suspended from the General Assembly.

In 1993, Nelson Mandela, a leader during the anti-apartheid movement, became the first Black president of South Africa.

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